What are PLC languages used for programming?

What are PLC languages used for programming?

IEC (International Electrotechnical Commission) Section 61131-3 Standard following languages used in programming:

1. Ladder Diagram (LD)

2. Functional Block Diagram (FBD)

3. Sequential Flow Chart (SFC)

4. Structural Text (ST)

5. Instruction List (IL)

1. Ladder Diagram

Ladder is work in left power rail to right power rail, top to bottom.

ladder logic as same as a electrical relay logic concept.

All the input connection as connected to the left side of ladder programming and output connection are connected to the write side of connection in ladder diagram

Input connect as NO/NC contact.

Output connect as COIL.

2. Functional Block Diagram

Functional Block diagram indicated the programming used in block for the operation. 

It is function between inputs and outputs that are connected in blocks by connection lines.

Left side of programming used the conditional functional block & output side indicate the output of the functional block.

It easy to used the programming.

At one logic created used in multi-pal time.

FBD programming is difficult to troubleshoot that is the major disadvantage. 

2. Sequential Flow Chart

Sequential Function Charts use steps and transitions to achieve your end results.

It can be faster to design and write the logic 

Equipment are directly connect to logic, so direct access of equipment faulted find.

Most of time PLC Programming Language does not always fit every application that is disadvantage.

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Major Type of Industrial Control System

What are major type of industrial control system?

In the industrial automation control system following type:

• PLC
• DCS
• SCADA
• Embedded System

PLC: 

Programmable logic controller used in the process, plant , SPM machine application.

DCS:

Distributed control system are the system to control the hole the process. Human interference is minimized so labor cost reduce & Safety of system increases

Embedded System:

In this system, small component attached to industrial computing system with the help of network & control is executed. It is used in one of application only.

SCADA:

Supervisory control and data acquisition system is centralized system. It attached the many number of PLC system to monitor and control the individual system.

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Total Industrial Automation Course - 6 Month

Total Industrial Automation

The course of following point included:

• Basic of Electrical & Instrumentation

• Rockwell / Siemens PLC

• HMI/SCADA

• Project Oriented Documentation

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Evolution Of Automation

Evolution Of Industrial Automation

What Is automation:

Programming interface between Input's & Output's to reduce human efforts.

Effect of automation:

The effect on industry to automate the human error reduce, so that cost of production reduced.
Manpower reduced then human interference reduce then safety of human as well as machine increases.In that of case machine work in all the process so quality of product increases as well as accuracy and productivity increased.  

Evolution of automation:

The term of automation, inspired by the earlier word automatic was not widely used before 1947, When Ford established an automation department.

Control systems

1. Manual

2. Pneumatic

3. Hardwired

4. Electronic Control

5. PLC(Programmable Logic Controller)

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PLC PNP/NPK Type connection | PLC IO wiring connection

PLC having two type of connection: Sink Type/ Sources Type:

Sink Type Connection:

Sink Type Connection

The above connection check the all the output devices on end connected to the power supply +Ve site and PLC common connected to the -Ve/ 0Vdc supply.

 Source Type:

Source Type Connection

The output device on terminal connected to the -Ve site of power supply and power supply +Ve side connected to the common of PLC card.

In Both the above connection scheme you see that both the connection are only difference the common point connection.

PLC also required the sensor type same as above ans connection as below:

Sensor type for NPN & PNP 

Most of the time PLC used as a PNP type of sensor because the output generated in +Ve supply.

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Profibus Cable, Connector And Termination Tips

PROFIBUS (Process Field Bus) is a standard for fieldbus communication in automation technology and was first promoted in 1989 by BMBF (German department of education and research) and then used by Siemens. It should not be confused with the PROFINET standard for Industrial Ethernet. PROFIBUS is openly published as part of IEC 61158.

Profibus comes in four variants, each with a different purpose:

• PROFIBUS DP (Decentralized Peripherals) used to drive sensors and actuators via a central controller. Dataspeed up to 12 Mbit/s with twisted pair cables and fiber optic cables are an option.
• PROFIBUS PA (Process Automation) is used to monitor measuring equipment via a process control system. This Profibus variant is ideal for use in explosive areas (Ex-zone 0 and 1). In the cables flows namely a weak current through the bus lines in an intrinsically safe circuit so that sparks do not occur, even at fault. The con. about this variant is the slow dataspeed at 31,25 kbit/s.
• PROFIsafe used for safety applications, usually with safety PLC’s or safety relays.
• PROFIdrive used in motion control.

Profibus Cable

Profibus Connector:

Pin #	Function	Description
1	Shield	Shield and functional earth
2	NC	Not in use
3	RxD/TxD-P	Data recieve and transmit (positive)
4	CNTR-P	Control signal to repeater (positive)
5	DGND	Reference potential for +5 volt and data
6	VP	+5 volt for terminating resistors (active termination)
7	NC	Not in use
8	RxD/TxD-N	Data recieve and transmit (negative)
9	CNTR-N	Control signal to repeater (negative)

Profibus Wire Cutter:

The first thing to do is to remove the isolation of your Profibus cable. You can use a special Profibus Tripping Tool or if you are used to work with cables, you can use a knife or a wire cutter. The Profibus stripping tool is worth the money, because it will give you a sharp and perfect stripping of the Profibus cable needed for the connectors. It can be difficult to strip the cables correctly with a knife, so that both the shield and the two wires inside are visible.

How to Connect the master & slave ?

One master and slave connector as below diagram, The master connection in use a incoming entry only with switch on condition & slave connection for fist slave also incoming connection with the switch off condition. If other slave are connector then slave outgoing cable connected the next connector with on the terminal switch & other slave off.

Connecting the Profibus cable to the connector should be done with extra caution. Remember, that it is very important not only to connect the wires correct, but also to connect the shield correct and even to strip the wire correct. Take a look at this great instruction video if you’re in doubt about the connector:

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